Freedom of expression
An overview of the multi-faceted right to freedom of expression and how it is protected under international law.
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Each theme contains useful resources for lawyers on freedom of expression, click below to get started.
Digital rights
Understanding digital rights is crucial to protecting human rights, as little of our lives today is immune from the forces of technology and the internet.
Restricting Internet access & online content
An overview of the ways in which access to the internet and online content are restricted around the world.
Defamation & reputation
An overview of freedom of expression issues in the law, including how defamation is treated in domestic and international law.
Privacy, security & data protection
An overview of the right to privacy, data protection, and protecting freedom of expression in a digital world.
Cybercrimes
Describes the different types of cybercrimes, tracks the trends, and evaluates how cybercrimes are dealt with in international law.
Hate speech
An overview of hate speech and how it is dealt with both under domestic and international law.
Censorship by private actors
An overview of the ways in which access to content and freedom of expression online are restricted by private actors.
False news, misinformation & propaganda
An overview of false news, misinformation and propaganda, including causes and potential solutions..
Litigating freedom of expression
An overview of the various rights and concepts which encompass digital rights.
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A chance to set a Europe-wide precedent on hyperlinking
The Gambia: imperilled free press seek urgent help from ECOWAS Court
Law Society of Zimbabwe and Others v Zimbabwe (2016)
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights indicated that the court will adopt a flexible approach that allows anyone to file a communication for the court’s consideration, including non-victim individuals, CSOs and pressure groups.
Tele2 Sverige AB v Post-och telestyrelsen and Secretary of State for the Home Department v. Watson (2016)
The European Court of Justice found that national legislation on mass surveillance of electronic communications for the purpose of fighting crime violated the right to privacy and the right to data protection.
P.H. v O.G (2016)
The Belgian Court of Cassation recognised the right to be forgotten.
Magyar Tartalomszolgáltatók Egyesülete and Index.hu Zrt v Hungary (2016)
The European Court of Human Rights found that internet portals assume duties and responsibilities particularly in the context of offensive and vulgar comments — even if the speech is not unlawful.
Kalda v Estonia (2016)
The European Court of Human Rights held that the right of the applicant — a prisoner — to freedom of expression had been violated through the refusal to grant him access to internet websites containing legal information, as this had breached his right to receive information.