Freedom of expression
An overview of the multi-faceted right to freedom of expression and how it is protected under international law.
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Each theme contains useful resources for lawyers on freedom of expression, click below to get started.
Digital rights
Understanding digital rights is crucial to protecting human rights, as little of our lives today is immune from the forces of technology and the internet.
Restricting Internet access & online content
An overview of the ways in which access to the internet and online content are restricted around the world.
Defamation & reputation
An overview of freedom of expression issues in the law, including how defamation is treated in domestic and international law.
Privacy, security & data protection
An overview of the right to privacy, data protection, and protecting freedom of expression in a digital world.
Cybercrimes
Describes the different types of cybercrimes, tracks the trends, and evaluates how cybercrimes are dealt with in international law.
Hate speech
An overview of hate speech and how it is dealt with both under domestic and international law.
Censorship by private actors
An overview of the ways in which access to content and freedom of expression online are restricted by private actors.
False news, misinformation & propaganda
An overview of false news, misinformation and propaganda, including causes and potential solutions..
Litigating freedom of expression
An overview of the various rights and concepts which encompass digital rights.
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Advanced Module 4: Privacy and Security Online (sub-Saharan Africa)
Provides an overview of the right to privacy, as it relates to issues such as data protection, surveillance, facial recognition, encryption, and online harassment.
Advanced Module 1: General Overview of Trends in Digital Rights Globally (sub-Saharan Africa)
Sets out trends and expected developments in the context of the right of access to information, particularly trends that pose a threat to access to information.
Módulo 7: Cibercrímenes (serie de módulos sobre américa latina)
Aunque existen distintas normativas que castigan determinadas conductas como tal, no existe una definición legal y común sobre el cibercrimen a nivel interamericano. No obstante, se acude a esta figura cuando las conductas afectan la integridad, confidencialidad y disponibilidad de la información contenida en sistemas informáticos, de redes o de datos y, además, cuando se hace uso indebido del Internet.
The Incorporated Trustees of Laws and Rights Awareness Initiatives v Nigeria (2020)
The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice ordered Nigeria to repeal its cybercrime legislation which was held to violate the right to freedom of expression.
Andama v Director of Public Prosecution (2019)
The Nairobi High Court in Kenya ruled that a provision criminalising the publication of “obscene information in electronic form” was an unjustifiable limitation of the rights to freedom of expression and to a fair trial.
Segerman vs Peterson (2022)
The High Court of South Africa overturned a protection order granted by a Cape Town Magistrate’s Court that prevented a woman from speaking about her rape by her ex-boyfriend.
Rout v State of Odisha (2020)
The High Court of Orissa, India held that the right to be forgotten is an integral part of the right to privacy and that there must be a mechanism through which a victim can protect her privacy by having the content deleted from the servers of intermediaries.
The Case of the Egyptian TikTok Influencers (2021)
The Court of Appeals in Cairo acquitted one woman and upheld the conviction of another who had been sentenced to imprisonment for violating “family principles and values upheld by Egyptian society” by posting “indecent” videos and images.
The Case of Nonconsensual Pornography Sent to Victim’s Parents (2021)
The Constitutional Court of Ecuador held that the storage and sharing of sexual photos without the consent of the victim were a violation of her constitutional rights to personal data protection, reputation, and intimacy.