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Each theme contains useful resources for lawyers on freedom of expression, click below to get started.

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Freedom of expression

An overview of the multi-faceted right to freedom of expression and how it is protected under international law.

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Digital rights

Understanding digital rights is crucial to protecting human rights, as little of our lives today is immune from the forces of technology and the internet.

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Restricting Internet access & online content

An overview of the ways in which access to the internet and online content are restricted around the world.

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Defamation & reputation

An overview of freedom of expression issues in the law, including how defamation is treated in domestic and international law.

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Privacy, security & data protection

An overview of the right to privacy, data protection, and protecting freedom of expression in a digital world.

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Cybercrimes

Describes the different types of cybercrimes, tracks the trends, and evaluates how cybercrimes are dealt with in international law.

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Hate speech

An overview of hate speech and how it is dealt with both under domestic and international law.

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Censorship by private actors

An overview of the ways in which access to content and freedom of expression online are restricted by private actors.

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False news, misinformation & propaganda

An overview of false news, misinformation and propaganda, including causes and potential solutions..

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Litigating freedom of expression

An overview of the various rights and concepts which encompass digital rights.

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Big Brother Watch v. the United Kingdom (No. 2) (2021)

The Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights held that a provision of the United Kingdom’s surveillance law that enabled regimes on bulk interception and obtaining data from communications service providers violated the rights to privacy and freedom of expression.

phonelink_lock Digital rights · fingerprint Privacy, security & data protection · Europe · United Kingdom · Nov 2022

Lloyd v. Google LLC (2021)

The United Kingdom Supreme Court held that Google was not liable to pay damages for unlawfully collecting data because damages cannot be granted without an individual assessment of the damages payable to the aggrieved.

phonelink_lock Digital rights · fingerprint Privacy, security & data protection · Europe · United Kingdom · Nov 2022

Gaughran v United Kingdom (2020)

The European Court of Human Rights held that the indefinite retention of data of a man who had a spent conviction was a violation of his privacy rights.

fingerprint Privacy, security & data protection · Europe · United Kingdom · Apr 2020

Stocker v Stocker (2019)

The United Kingdom Supreme Court created a new sub-category of the ‘reasonable reader’ of a social media post in analysing the intended meaning of a statement, rather than relying on a more traditional and formal understanding of language.

local_fire_department Defamation & reputation · gavel Litigating freedom of expression · Europe · United Kingdom · Apr 2019

Big Brother Watch v United Kingdom (2018)

The European Court of Human Rights found some aspects of the UK’s mass surveillance regime to be in violation of the right to privacy and the right to freedom of expression.

fingerprint Privacy, security & data protection · Europe · United Kingdom · Apr 2018

NT1 & NT2 v Google LLC (2018)

The England and Wales High Court ruled on requests for personal information to be “delisted” for “deindexed” from Google search results, upholding the request in one case and rejecting it in another.

fingerprint Privacy, security & data protection · Europe · United Kingdom · Apr 2018

10 Human Rights Organisations v United Kingdom (2018)

The European Court of Human Rights was faced with a matter regarding the British government’s power to engage in surveillance and whether its bulk interception regime was a violation of the right to privacy.

phonelink_lock Digital rights · Europe · United Kingdom · Apr 2018

The European Court Considers Media Defence’s Joint Intervention in Important Decision on Intermediary Liability

portable_wifi_off Restricting Internet access & online content · Europe · United Kingdom · Oct 2017

Tamiz v United Kingdom (2017)

The European Court of Human Rights found that although Internet Service Providers (ISPs) perform an important function in facilitating access to information, ISPs should not be obliged to monitor content or proactively investigate potential defamatory remarks posted on their sites.

portable_wifi_off Restricting Internet access & online content · Europe · United Kingdom · Apr 2017

Tele2 Sverige AB v Post-och telestyrelsen and Secretary of State for the Home Department v. Watson (2016)

The European Court of Justice found that national legislation on mass surveillance of electronic communications for the purpose of fighting crime violated the right to privacy and the right to data protection.

fingerprint Privacy, security & data protection · Europe · Sweden · United Kingdom · Apr 2016