{"id":909,"date":"2022-09-20T16:03:58","date_gmt":"2022-09-20T15:03:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=909"},"modified":"2022-09-22T10:48:27","modified_gmt":"2022-09-22T09:48:27","slug":"the-borderless-enjoyment-of-freedom-of-expression","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-on-litigating-freedom-of-expression-and-digital-rights-in-south-and-southeast-asia\/module-2-digital-rights\/the-borderless-enjoyment-of-freedom-of-expression\/","title":{"rendered":"The Borderless Enjoyment of Freedom of Expression"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One particular strength of freedom of expression online presents is that the right is able to be enjoyed regardless of physical borders.&nbsp; People are able to speak, share ideas, coordinate and mobilise across the globe on a significant and unprecedented scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group highlight\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>The internet as a tool for change: the case of Myanmar and the Milk Tea Alliance<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following the 2021 <em>coup d\u2019\u00e9tat<\/em> that led to a military regime taking control of Myanmar\u2019s government, activists in Taipei, Bangkok, Melbourne and Hong Kong heeded a call by pro-democracy campaigners in Myanmar and took to the street carrying #MilkTeaAlliance signs.[footnote]Fanny Potkin and Patpicha Tanakasempipat, Reuters, \u2018\u201cMilk Tea Alliance\u201d activists across Asia hold rallies against Myanmar coup\u2019 (2021) (accessible at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-myanmar-protests-asia-idUSKCN2AS0HP\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-myanmar-protests-asia-idUSKCN2AS0HP<\/a>).[\/footnote] The Milk Tea Alliance online movement for democracy and human rights first emerged in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Thailand, and is an allusion to a shared love for variations of milk tea in those countries, and the hashtag was used to protest online attacks from Chinese nationalists.[footnote]<em>Id<\/em>.[\/footnote]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before the internet, this would have been next to impossible.&nbsp; The borderless nature of the internet can lead to international pressure being put on states for rights violations, global campaigns being developed and supported, and a rigorous exchange of ideas being fostered.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, the internet also gives rise to particular challenges.&nbsp; Through the internet, the ability to publish immediately and reach an expansive audience can create difficulties from a legal perspective, such as establishing the true identity of an online speaker, establishing founding jurisdiction for a legal claim, or achieving accountability for wrongdoing that has spread rapidly online, such as the non-consensual dissemination of intimate images.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moreover, once content has been published online it can often be very difficult to remove it.&nbsp; In the 2021 case of <em>T.V. Today Network Limited vs The Cognate &amp; Ors<\/em>[footnote]Delhi High Court, CS(OS) 246\/2021 (2021) (accessible at: <a href=\"https:\/\/indiankanoon.org\/doc\/72053412\/\">https:\/\/indiankanoon.org\/doc\/72053412\/<\/a>)[\/footnote] the New Delhi High Court ordered the deletion of an infographic that had been shared on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram and that was determined to be defamatory. This particular order was worded broadly, and the defendants were also ordered to block related posts on \u201cother social media or any other website on the internet, in print or electronically or other media\u201d.[footnote]<em>Id<\/em>. at para. 27.[\/footnote] However, the viral nature of social media raises questions about the effectiveness of such remedies, particularly where they are broadly worded. The deletion of a tweet on Twitter does not necessarily remove it from all platforms, as there are other ways in which the content may have been distributed that are not addressed by the deletion (such as retweets in which persons added a comment of their own),[footnote]ALT Advisory, Avani Singh, \u2018Social media and defamation online: Guidance from Manuel v EFF\u2019, (2019) (accessible at: <a href=\"https:\/\/altadvisory.africa\/2019\/05\/31\/social-media-and-defamation-online-guidance-from-manuel-v-eff\/\">https:\/\/altadvisory.africa\/2019\/05\/31\/social-media-and-defamation-online-guidance-from-manuel-v-eff\/<\/a>).[\/footnote] and third parties responsible for such posts may not be party to the litigation and thus not bound to remove content they have disseminated. This is a particular challenge to finding effective remedies to claims of defamation, hate speech, or the right to be forgotten.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One particular strength of freedom of expression online presents is that the right is able to be enjoyed regardless of physical borders.&nbsp; People are able to speak, share ideas, coordinate and mobilise across the globe on a significant and unprecedented scale. The internet as a tool for change: the case of Myanmar and the Milk [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":899,"menu_order":70,"template":"page-templates\/chapter.php","publication-category":[],"class_list":["post-909","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Borderless Enjoyment of Freedom of Expression | eReader<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-on-litigating-freedom-of-expression-and-digital-rights-in-south-and-southeast-asia\/module-2-digital-rights\/the-borderless-enjoyment-of-freedom-of-expression\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Borderless Enjoyment of Freedom of Expression | eReader\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"One particular strength of freedom of expression online presents is that the right is able to be enjoyed regardless of physical borders.&nbsp; People are able to speak, share ideas, coordinate and mobilise across the globe on a significant and unprecedented scale. 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