{"id":707,"date":"2021-04-20T18:01:30","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T17:01:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=707"},"modified":"2021-04-20T18:18:59","modified_gmt":"2021-04-20T17:18:59","slug":"necessaire-dans-une-societe-democratique","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/securite-nationale\/necessaire-dans-une-societe-democratique\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e9cessaire dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La plupart des cas impliquant des restrictions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont tendance \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9cid\u00e9s sur la base de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9.&nbsp; Un domaine o\u00f9 les restrictions peuvent tomber, c\u2019est lorsqu\u2019elles sont trop larges.&nbsp; C\u2019est ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9 devant la CDHNU dans l\u2019affaire <em><a href=\"http:\/\/hrlibrary.umn.edu\/undocs\/html\/vws458.htm\">\u00ab&nbsp;Mukong v Cameroon&nbsp;\u00bb<\/a><\/em>.&nbsp; Albert Mukong \u00e9tait un journaliste et un auteur qui s\u2019\u00e9tait exprim\u00e9 publiquement, critiquant le pr\u00e9sident et le gouvernement du Cameroun.[footnote]Commission des droits de l\u2019homme des Nations unies, Communication n<sup>o<\/sup> 458\/1991 (1994) (accessible sur&nbsp;: <a href=\"http:\/\/hrlibrary.umn.edu\/hrcommittee\/French\/jurisprudence\/458-1991.html\">http:\/\/hrlibrary.umn.edu\/hrcommittee\/French\/jurisprudence\/458-1991.html<\/a>).[\/footnote] Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises en vertu d\u2019une loi qui criminalisait les d\u00e9clarations \u00ab&nbsp;intoxicantes pour l\u2019opinion publique nationale ou internationale&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le gouvernement a justifi\u00e9 ces arrestations aupr\u00e8s du Comit\u00e9 des Nations unies pour des raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale.&nbsp; Le Comit\u00e9 n\u2019\u00e9tait pas d\u2019accord, estimant que des lois de cette ampleur qui \u00ab&nbsp;muselaient la d\u00e9fense de la d\u00e9mocratie multipartite, des principes d\u00e9mocratiques et des droits de l\u2019homme&nbsp;\u00bb ne pouvaient \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Commission africaine des droits de l\u2019homme et des peuples (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.achpr.org\/fr_home\">CADHP<\/a>) a adopt\u00e9 des positions similaires.&nbsp; Dans l\u2019affaire&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/africanlii.org\/afu\/judgment\/african-commission-human-and-peoples-rights\/1998\/2\">\u00ab&nbsp;Constitutional Rights Project and Civil Liberties Organisation v Nigeria&nbsp;\u00bb<\/a><\/em>, des opposants \u00e0 l\u2019annulation des \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles de 1993, dont des journalistes, avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s et des publications avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 saisies et interdites.[footnote]Commission africaine des droits de l\u2019homme et des peuples, Communication n<sup>o<\/sup>&nbsp;102\/93 (1998) (accessible en anglais sur&nbsp;: <a href=\"https:\/\/africanlii.org\/afu\/judgment\/african-commission-human-and-peoples-rights\/1998\/2\">https:\/\/africanlii.org\/afu\/judgment\/african-commission-human-and-peoples-rights\/1998\/2<\/a>).[\/footnote] La Commission africaine a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019aucune situation ne pouvait justifier une ing\u00e9rence aussi massive dans la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Divers organismes ont constat\u00e9 qu\u2019il incombe au gouvernement de d\u00e9montrer qu\u2019une restriction de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression est n\u00e9cessaire.&nbsp; Les tribunaux ont \u00e9galement insist\u00e9 sur le fait qu\u2019il doit y avoir un lien \u00e9troit entre l\u2019expression restreinte et l\u2019atteinte r\u00e9elle \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou \u00e0 l\u2019ordre public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans l\u2019affaire&nbsp;<em><a href=\"http:\/\/kenyalaw.org\/caselaw\/cases\/view\/106083\/\">\u00ab&nbsp;CORD v Republic of Kenya&nbsp;\u00bb<\/a><\/em>, la Haute Cour du Kenya a expliqu\u00e9 avec \u00e9loquence la nature fondamentale des droits de l\u2019homme, et que ceux-ci ne doivent pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme transitoires&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Il faut toujours garder \u00e0 l\u2019esprit que les droits et libert\u00e9s fondamentales \u00e9nonc\u00e9s dans la D\u00e9claration des droits ne sont pas accord\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00c9tat et que, par cons\u00e9quent, l\u2019\u00c9tat et\/ou l\u2019un de ses organes ne peuvent pr\u00e9tendre adopter une loi ou une politique qui, d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment ou non, les prive de l\u2019un d\u2019entre eux ou en limite la jouissance, sauf dans les cas autoris\u00e9s par la Constitution.&nbsp; Il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019options de faible valeur qui peuvent \u00eatre facilement \u00e9cart\u00e9es ou mises de c\u00f4t\u00e9 sur l\u2019autel d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats per\u00e7us comme plus importants dans des moments comme celui-ci.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La plupart des cas impliquant des restrictions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont tendance \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9cid\u00e9s sur la base de la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9.&nbsp; Un domaine o\u00f9 les restrictions peuvent tomber, c\u2019est lorsqu\u2019elles sont trop larges.&nbsp; C\u2019est ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9 devant la CDHNU dans l\u2019affaire \u00ab&nbsp;Mukong v Cameroon&nbsp;\u00bb.&nbsp; Albert Mukong \u00e9tait un journaliste et un auteur qui [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":697,"menu_order":328,"template":"page-templates\/chapter.php","publication-category":[],"class_list":["post-707","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>N\u00e9cessaire dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique | eReader<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/securite-nationale\/necessaire-dans-une-societe-democratique\/?lang=fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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