{"id":704,"date":"2021-04-20T17:44:57","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T16:44:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/?post_type=publication&p=704"},"modified":"2021-04-20T18:18:24","modified_gmt":"2021-04-20T17:18:24","slug":"prescrit-par-la-loi","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/securite-nationale\/prescrit-par-la-loi\/","title":{"rendered":"Prescrit par la loi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Si la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale doit \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour limiter la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, la restriction doit non seulement r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 un int\u00e9r\u00eat l\u00e9gitime de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, mais doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre prescrite par la loi.  La signification exacte de ce terme a fait l\u2019objet de plusieurs affaires li\u00e9es \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans l\u2019affaire \u00ab Chavunduka and Choto v. Minister of Home Affairs & Attorney General \u00bb<\/a><\/em>, la Cour supr\u00eame du Zimbabwe a examin\u00e9 le cas de deux journalistes qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9s de publier de fausses nouvelles sur la base d\u2019un article rapportant qu\u2019une tentative de coup d\u2019\u00c9tat militaire avait eu lieu.  La Cour a estim\u00e9 que les fausses nouvelles \u00e9taient prot\u00e9g\u00e9es par la garantie constitutionnelle de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, en d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les d\u00e9clarations, opinions et croyances consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme fausses par la majorit\u00e9 ne font qu\u2019embrasser et souligner la nature essentielle de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression \u00bb.[footnote]Cour supr\u00eame du Zimbabwe, Demande civile no<\/sup> 156\/99 (2000) (accessible en anglais sur : https:\/\/globalfreedomofexpression.columbia.edu\/cases\/chavunduka-v-minister-home-affairs\/<\/a>).[\/footnote]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019infraction de publication de fausses nouvelles dans le code p\u00e9nal du Zimbabwe \u00e9tait vague et trop g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.  Elle comprenait des d\u00e9clarations \u00ab susceptibles \u00bb de provoquer \u00ab la peur, l\u2019inqui\u00e9tude ou le d\u00e9couragement \u00bb, sans qu\u2019il soit n\u00e9cessaire de d\u00e9montrer qu\u2019elles l\u2019ont effectivement fait.  En tout \u00e9tat de cause, comme l\u2019a soulign\u00e9 la Cour : \u00ab presque tout ce qui est digne d\u2019\u00eatre publi\u00e9 est susceptible de provoquer, dans une certaine mesure au moins, chez une partie du public ou chez une seule personne, l\u2019une ou l\u2019autre de ces \u00e9motions subjectives. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le mot \u00ab faux \u00bb \u00e9tait vague, car il incluait toute d\u00e9claration inexacte, ainsi qu\u2019un mensonge d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9.  La loi n\u2019exigeait pas de prouver que le d\u00e9fendeur savait que la d\u00e9claration \u00e9tait fausse.  La Cour a ensuite d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la disposition inconstitutionnelle pour des raisons de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 \u00e9galement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale doit \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour limiter la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, la restriction doit non seulement r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 un int\u00e9r\u00eat l\u00e9gitime de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, mais doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre prescrite par la loi.  La signification exacte de ce terme a fait l\u2019objet de plusieurs affaires li\u00e9es \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale. Dans l\u2019affaire \u00ab Chavunduka and Choto v. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":697,"menu_order":325,"template":"page-templates\/chapter.php","publication-category":[],"class_list":["post-704","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPrescrit par la loi | eReader<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/securite-nationale\/prescrit-par-la-loi\/?lang=fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Prescrit par la loi | eReader\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Si la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale doit \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour limiter la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, la restriction doit non seulement r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 un int\u00e9r\u00eat l\u00e9gitime de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, mais doit \u00e9galement \u00eatre prescrite par la loi.  La signification exacte de ce terme a fait l\u2019objet de plusieurs affaires li\u00e9es \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale. 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