{"id":702,"date":"2021-04-20T17:35:03","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T16:35:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=702"},"modified":"2021-04-20T18:17:15","modified_gmt":"2021-04-20T17:17:15","slug":"portee-de-la-securite-nationale","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/securite-nationale\/portee-de-la-securite-nationale\/","title":{"rendered":"Port\u00e9e de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La \u00ab&nbsp;libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression&nbsp;\u00bb et la \u00ab&nbsp;s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale&nbsp;\u00bb sont tr\u00e8s souvent consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des principes ou des int\u00e9r\u00eats qui s\u2019opposent in\u00e9vitablement.&nbsp; Les gouvernements invoquent souvent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale pour justifier la violation de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, en particulier la libert\u00e9 des m\u00e9dias.&nbsp; Pourtant, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale reste un v\u00e9ritable bien public, et sans elle, la libert\u00e9 des m\u00e9dias ne serait gu\u00e8re possible.&nbsp; D\u2019autre part, les gouvernements sont rarement enclins \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre que la libert\u00e9 des m\u00e9dias peut en fait \u00eatre un moyen d\u2019assurer une meilleure s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale en exposant les abus dans le secteur de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9.&nbsp; En Afrique du Sud, par exemple, les r\u00e9v\u00e9lations des m\u00e9dias sur les abus dans la police et l\u2019arm\u00e9e ont conduit \u00e0 certaines r\u00e9formes qui permettent sans doute d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale.[footnote]Katie Trippe, \u00ab&nbsp;Pandemic policing&nbsp;: South Africa\u2019s most vulnerable face a sharp increase in police-related brutality\u2019 for Atlantic Council, (2020) (accessible en anglais sur&nbsp;: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/africasource\/pandemic-policing-south-africas-most-vulnerable-face-a-sharp-increase-in-police-related-brutality\/\">https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/africasource\/pandemic-policing-south-africas-most-vulnerable-face-a-sharp-increase-in-police-related-brutality\/<\/a>).[\/footnote]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les Principes de Syracuse sur les dispositions de limitation et de d\u00e9rogation du PIDCP (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/48abd56bd.html\">Principes de Syracuse<\/a>) d\u00e9finissent un int\u00e9r\u00eat l\u00e9gitime de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale comme celui qui vise \u00e0 \u00ab&nbsp;prot\u00e9ger l\u2019existence de la nation, son int\u00e9grit\u00e9 territoriale ou son ind\u00e9pendance politique contre la force ou la menace de la force&nbsp;\u00bb.[footnote]Conseil \u00e9conomique et social des Nations unies, \u00ab&nbsp;Principes de Syracuse concernant les dispositions du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques qui autorisent des restrictions o\u00f9 des d\u00e9rogations&nbsp;\u00bb, Principe&nbsp;29 (1985) (accessible sur&nbsp;: https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/48abd56bd.html).Conseil \u00e9conomique et social des Nations unies, \u00ab&nbsp;Principes de Syracuse concernant les dispositions du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques qui autorisent des restrictions o\u00f9 des d\u00e9rogations&nbsp;\u00bb, Principe&nbsp;29 (1985) (accessible sur&nbsp;: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/48abd56bd.html\">https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/48abd56bd.html<\/a>).[\/footnote] Des articles ult\u00e9rieurs indiquent qu\u2019une limitation li\u00e9e \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale \u00ab&nbsp;ne peut \u00eatre invoqu\u00e9e pour imposer des limitations visant \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir des menaces simplement locales ou relativement isol\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019ordre public&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le Rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression a, \u00e0 plusieurs reprises, limit\u00e9 la port\u00e9e d\u2019une limitation de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale dans des termes similaires.&nbsp; Par exemple&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Dans le but de prot\u00e9ger la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, le droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et d\u2019information ne peut \u00eatre restreint que dans les cas les plus graves de menace politique ou militaire directe pour l\u2019ensemble de la nation.[footnote]Rapporteur sp\u00e9cial des Nations unies sur la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, \u00ab&nbsp;Rapport du rapporteur sp\u00e9cial sur la nature et la port\u00e9e du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019opinion et d\u2019expression, et sur les restrictions et limitations du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression&nbsp;\u00bb, (1995) (accessible sur :&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/issues\/freedomopinion\/pages\/annual.aspx\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/issues\/freedomopinion\/pages\/annual.aspx<\/a>).[\/footnote]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans le m\u00eame ordre d\u2019id\u00e9es, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/48abd56bd.html\">les principes de Johannesburg<\/a> d\u00e9finissent un int\u00e9r\u00eat de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale comme \u00e9tant&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Prot\u00e9ger l\u2019existence ou l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 territoriale d\u2019un pays contre l\u2019emploi ou la menace de la force, ou sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 l\u2019emploi ou \u00e0 la menace de la force, qu\u2019elle provienne d\u2019une source ext\u00e9rieure, comme une menace militaire, ou d\u2019une source int\u00e9rieure, comme une incitation au renversement violent du gouvernement.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La \u00ab&nbsp;libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression&nbsp;\u00bb et la \u00ab&nbsp;s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale&nbsp;\u00bb sont tr\u00e8s souvent consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des principes ou des int\u00e9r\u00eats qui s\u2019opposent in\u00e9vitablement.&nbsp; Les gouvernements invoquent souvent la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale pour justifier la violation de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, en particulier la libert\u00e9 des m\u00e9dias.&nbsp; Pourtant, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale reste un v\u00e9ritable bien public, et sans elle, la libert\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":697,"menu_order":322,"template":"page-templates\/chapter.php","publication-category":[],"class_list":["post-702","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - 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