{"id":668,"date":"2021-04-20T10:04:55","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T09:04:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=668"},"modified":"2021-04-20T10:27:29","modified_gmt":"2021-04-20T09:27:29","slug":"le-danger-de-limprecision","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/discours-de-haine\/le-danger-de-limprecision\/","title":{"rendered":"Le danger de l\u2019impr\u00e9cision"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le danger \u00e9vident de la r\u00e9glementation des discours de haine est que l\u2019impr\u00e9cision dans la d\u00e9finition de ce qui constitue un acte criminel sera utilis\u00e9e pour p\u00e9naliser les expressions qui n\u2019ont ni l\u2019intention ni la possibilit\u00e9 r\u00e9aliste d\u2019inciter \u00e0 la haine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Cour constitutionnelle d\u2019Afrique du Sud a r\u00e9cemment r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi \u00e0 cette question dans l\u2019affaire <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.saflii.org\/za\/cases\/ZASCA\/2019\/167.pdf\">\u00ab&nbsp;Qwelane v South African Human Rights Commission and Another&nbsp;\u00bb<\/a><\/em>. M.&nbsp;Qwelane, qui \u00e9tait alors ambassadeur d\u2019Afrique du Sud en Ouganda, avait publi\u00e9 une chronique dans un journal local d\u00e9nigrant le \u00ab&nbsp;mode de vie et les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences sexuelles&nbsp;\u00bb des \u00ab&nbsp;homosexuels&nbsp;\u00bb. La Haute Cour a estim\u00e9 que la d\u00e9claration constituait un discours de haine tel que d\u00e9fini dans la loi sur l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, dont l\u2019article&nbsp;10 interdit la publication de d\u00e9clarations blessantes qui causent un pr\u00e9judice ou propagent la haine. Qwelane a demand\u00e9 que l\u2019article&nbsp;10 de la loi sur l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 soit d\u00e9clar\u00e9 inconstitutionnel au motif qu\u2019il porte atteinte au droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression. En 2019, la Cour supr\u00eame d\u2019appel (CSA) a convenu que l\u2019article \u00e9tait inconstitutionnel parce qu\u2019il \u00ab&nbsp;va bien au-del\u00e0 des limitations de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression pr\u00e9vues par la Constitution et n\u2019est pas clair \u00e0 de nombreux \u00e9gards&nbsp;\u00bb.[footnote]Cour supr\u00eame d\u2019appel d\u2019Afrique du Sud, affaire n\u00b0 686\/2018, (2018) (accessible en anglais sur&nbsp;: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.saflii.org\/za\/cases\/ZASCA\/2019\/167.pdf\">http:\/\/www.saflii.org\/za\/cases\/ZASCA\/2019\/167.pdf<\/a>).[\/footnote]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La CSA a jug\u00e9 l\u2019utilisation du mot \u00ab&nbsp;blessant&nbsp;\u00bb particuli\u00e8rement vague, ajoutant que toutes les d\u00e9finitions de ce mot \u00ab&nbsp;concernent les \u00e9motions subjectives d\u2019une personne. . . en r\u00e9ponse aux actions d\u2019une tierce partie. Cela n\u2019\u00e9quivaut pas \u00e0 causer du tort ou \u00e0 inciter au tort&nbsp;\u00bb.[footnote]Mail &amp; Guardian, Sarah Smit, \u00ab&nbsp;The Qwelane case: when human rights meet human rights&nbsp;\u00bb (2020) (accessible en anglais sur&nbsp;: <a href=\"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/news\/2020-09-20-the-qwelane-case-when-human-rights-meet-human-rights\/\">https:\/\/mg.co.za\/news\/2020-09-20-the-qwelane-case-when-human-rights-meet-human-rights\/<\/a>).[\/footnote] L\u2019avocat de la Commission sud-africaine des droits de l\u2019homme a cependant <a href=\"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/news\/2020-09-20-the-qwelane-case-when-human-rights-meet-human-rights\/\">soutenu que<\/a>&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Du point de vue de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 et de la dignit\u00e9, le terme \u00ab&nbsp;blessant&nbsp;\u00bb ne se limite pas aux \u00e9motions et sentiments subjectifs d\u2019une personne en r\u00e9ponse aux actions d\u2019une tierce partie, mais concerne plut\u00f4t les blessures ou les atteintes \u00e0 la dignit\u00e9 d\u2019une personne.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019affaire d\u00e9pend de la question de savoir si les insultes homophobes constituent une incitation et si la d\u00e9finition du terme \u00ab&nbsp;blessant&nbsp;\u00bb dans la loi sur l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 est suffisamment pr\u00e9cise pour ne pas restreindre ind\u00fbment la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression. La Cour constitutionnelle a r\u00e9serv\u00e9 son jugement en septembre&nbsp;2020.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le danger \u00e9vident de la r\u00e9glementation des discours de haine est que l\u2019impr\u00e9cision dans la d\u00e9finition de ce qui constitue un acte criminel sera utilis\u00e9e pour p\u00e9naliser les expressions qui n\u2019ont ni l\u2019intention ni la possibilit\u00e9 r\u00e9aliste d\u2019inciter \u00e0 la haine. La Cour constitutionnelle d\u2019Afrique du Sud a r\u00e9cemment r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi \u00e0 cette question dans l\u2019affaire [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":662,"menu_order":279,"template":"page-templates\/chapter.php","publication-category":[],"class_list":["post-668","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le danger de l\u2019impr\u00e9cision | eReader<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/discours-de-haine\/le-danger-de-limprecision\/?lang=fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le danger de l\u2019impr\u00e9cision | eReader\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le danger \u00e9vident de la r\u00e9glementation des discours de haine est que l\u2019impr\u00e9cision dans la d\u00e9finition de ce qui constitue un acte criminel sera utilis\u00e9e pour p\u00e9naliser les expressions qui n\u2019ont ni l\u2019intention ni la possibilit\u00e9 r\u00e9aliste d\u2019inciter \u00e0 la haine. 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