{"id":646,"date":"2021-04-19T15:26:46","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T14:26:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=646"},"modified":"2021-04-19T15:26:47","modified_gmt":"2021-04-19T14:26:47","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-diffamation","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/diffamation\/quest-ce-que-la-diffamation\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce que la diffamation ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La diffamation est une fausse d\u00e9claration de fait qui porte atteinte \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation d\u2019une personne et qui est publi\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0avec faute\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une n\u00e9gligence ou d\u2019une malveillance.[footnote]Electronic Frontier Foundation, \u00ab\u00a0Online Defamation Law\u00a0\u00bb (accessible sur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/bloggers\/legal\/liability\/defamation#:~:text=Generally%2C%20defamation%20is%20a%20false,slander%20is%20a%20spoken%20defamation\">https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/bloggers\/legal\/liability\/defamation#:~:text=Generally%2C%20defamation%20is%20a%20false,slander%20is%20a%20spoken%20defamation<\/a>).\u00a0 Dans certains syst\u00e8mes juridiques, le plus souvent des juridictions de droit anglais comme la Tanzanie ou la Zambie, la diffamation est le terme utilis\u00e9 pour une diffamation \u00e9crite, tandis que la calomnie d\u00e9signe une diffamation orale.[\/footnote]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La loi sur la diffamation remonte \u00e0 l\u2019Empire romain, mais si les peines et les co\u00fbts li\u00e9s \u00e0 la diffamation ne sont plus aussi graves qu\u2019autrefois, ils peuvent encore avoir un \u00ab\u00a0effet paralysant\u00a0\u00bb notoire, avec des peines de prison ou des indemnisations massives qui repr\u00e9sentent un risque s\u00e9rieux pour la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, la libert\u00e9 journalistique et la dissidence dans de nombreux pays. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le fondement de la diffamation en droit international est l\u2019article\u00a017 du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/fr\/professionalinterest\/pages\/ccpr.aspx\">PIDCP<\/a>), qui pr\u00e9voit une protection contre les atteintes ill\u00e9gales \u00e0 l\u2019honneur et \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation d\u2019une personne. L\u2019article\u00a019(3) du PIDCP fait \u00e9galement r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux droits et \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation d\u2019autrui comme motif l\u00e9gitime de limitation du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression.[footnote]PIDCP\u00a0: Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (1976) (accessible sur\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/fr\/professionalinterest\/pages\/ccpr.aspx%5d\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/fr\/professionalinterest\/pages\/ccpr.aspx%5d<\/a>).[\/footnote] La r\u00e9putation est donc le fondement de toute plainte pour diffamation, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de calomnie ou de diffamation.[footnote]Pour une discussion plus compl\u00e8te sur la loi sur la diffamation, voir le manuel de formation publi\u00e9 par Media Defence sur les principes de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression en vertu du droit international\u00a0: Richard Carver, \u00ab\u00a0Training manual on international and comparative media and freedom of expression law\u00a0\u00bb, Media Defence aux pages\u00a048 \u00e0 64 (2018), (accessible en anglais sur\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/resources\/mldi-manual-on-freedom-of-expression-law\/\">https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/resources\/mldi-manual-on-freedom-of-expression-law\/<\/a>).[\/footnote]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La diffamation peut \u00eatre un recours juridique important pour ceux qui en ont vraiment besoin, mais elle peut aussi \u00eatre une arme pour \u00e9touffer la dissidence. Il existe de nombreux exemples r\u00e9els o\u00f9 la diffamation peut constituer une d\u00e9fense importante, par exemple dans la distribution non consensuelle d\u2019images intimes, une tendance croissante \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re de l\u2019Internet qui touche les femmes de mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e. Dans ces cas, la diffamation peut permettre aux femmes de demander justice pour le partage non consenti d\u2019images.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, la diffamation est aussi fr\u00e9quemment utilis\u00e9e \u00e0 mauvais escient, en particulier par des \u00c9tats et des individus puissants pour \u00e9touffer la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, ainsi que par des acteurs non \u00e9tatiques dans le cadre des SLAPP.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La diffamation est une fausse d\u00e9claration de fait qui porte atteinte \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation d\u2019une personne et qui est publi\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0avec faute\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une n\u00e9gligence ou d\u2019une malveillance.[footnote]Electronic Frontier Foundation, \u00ab\u00a0Online Defamation Law\u00a0\u00bb (accessible sur https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/bloggers\/legal\/liability\/defamation#:~:text=Generally%2C%20defamation%20is%20a%20false,slander%20is%20a%20spoken%20defamation).\u00a0 Dans certains syst\u00e8mes juridiques, le plus souvent des juridictions de droit anglais comme la Tanzanie ou [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":644,"menu_order":254,"template":"page-templates\/chapter.php","publication-category":[],"class_list":["post-646","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que la diffamation ? 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| eReader","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/diffamation\/quest-ce-que-la-diffamation\/?lang=fr","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Qu'est-ce que la diffamation ? | eReader","og_description":"La diffamation est une fausse d\u00e9claration de fait qui porte atteinte \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation d\u2019une personne et qui est publi\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0avec faute\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une n\u00e9gligence ou d\u2019une malveillance.[footnote]Electronic Frontier Foundation, \u00ab\u00a0Online Defamation Law\u00a0\u00bb (accessible sur https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/bloggers\/legal\/liability\/defamation#:~:text=Generally%2C%20defamation%20is%20a%20false,slander%20is%20a%20spoken%20defamation).\u00a0 Dans certains syst\u00e8mes juridiques, le plus souvent des juridictions de droit anglais comme la Tanzanie ou [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/diffamation\/quest-ce-que-la-diffamation\/?lang=fr","og_site_name":"eReader","article_modified_time":"2021-04-19T14:26:47+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/diffamation\/quest-ce-que-la-diffamation\/?lang=fr","url":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/diffamation\/quest-ce-que-la-diffamation\/?lang=fr","name":"Qu'est-ce que la diffamation ? 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