{"id":625,"date":"2021-04-16T12:21:22","date_gmt":"2021-04-16T11:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=625"},"modified":"2021-04-16T13:41:16","modified_gmt":"2021-04-16T12:41:16","slug":"quest-ce-que-la-neutralite-du-reseau","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/acces-a-linternet\/quest-ce-que-la-neutralite-du-reseau\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu&#8217;est-ce que la neutralit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La neutralit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau (ou \u00ab&nbsp;neutralit\u00e9 du Net&nbsp;\u00bb) fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au principe selon lequel toutes les donn\u00e9es de l\u2019Internet doivent \u00eatre trait\u00e9es de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re sans interf\u00e9rence indue et promeut l\u2019acc\u00e8s le plus large possible \u00e0 l\u2019information sur l\u2019Internet.[footnote]Rapport du Rapport sp\u00e9cial des Nations Unies (RSNU) sur la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression \u00e0 l\u2019AGNU, A\/HRC\/35\/22, 30&nbsp;mars 2017 (Rapport du RSNU sur la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression de 2017) au paragraphe&nbsp;8 (accessible sur&nbsp;: <a href=\"https:\/\/documents-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/G17\/077\/46\/PDF\/G1707746.pdf?OpenElement\">&nbsp;https:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/1298717\/files\/A_HRC_35_22-FR.pdf)<\/a>.[\/footnote] En d\u2019autres termes, les FAI doivent traiter toutes les donn\u00e9es qui transitent sur leurs r\u00e9seaux de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quitable, sans discrimination indue en faveur d\u2019une application, d\u2019un site web ou d\u2019un service particulier.[footnote] Electronic Frontier Foundation, \u00ab&nbsp;Net neutrality&nbsp;\u00bb (accessible en anglais sur&nbsp;: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/net-neutrality\">https:\/\/www.eff.org\/issues\/net-neutrality<\/a>).[\/footnote] La discrimination \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard peut consister \u00e0 affecter l\u2019information de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 interrompre, ralentir ou alt\u00e9rer de toute autre mani\u00e8re le transfert de toute donn\u00e9e, sauf \u00e0 des fins l\u00e9gitimes de gestion du r\u00e9seau, telles que le d\u00e9sengorgement ou le blocage de spams.[footnote]American Civil Liberties Union, \u00ab&nbsp;What is net neutrality?&nbsp;\u00bb (accessible en anglais sur&nbsp;: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/free-speech\/internet-speech\/what-net-neutrality\">https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/issues\/free-speech\/internet-speech\/what-net-neutrality<\/a>).[\/footnote]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <a href=\"https:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/1298717\/files\/A_HRC_35_22-FR.pdf\">rapport de 2017 du RSNU pour la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression<\/a> d\u00e9crit deux mani\u00e8res principales dont la neutralit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau peut \u00eatre affect\u00e9e&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Les syst\u00e8mes de priorisation payante<\/strong> &#8211; lorsque des fournisseurs accordent un traitement pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel \u00e0 certains types de trafic internet par rapport \u00e0 d\u2019autres pour un paiement ou un autre avantage commercial.<\/li><li><strong>Taux nul <\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; qui est la pratique consistant \u00e0 ne pas facturer l\u2019utilisation des donn\u00e9es internet associ\u00e9es \u00e0 une application ou \u00e0 un service particulier&nbsp;; les autres services ou applications, quant \u00e0 eux, sont soumis \u00e0 un co\u00fbt mesur\u00e9.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans divers pays d\u2019Afrique, l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux contenus \u00e0 taux nul a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019un d\u00e9bat important, notamment en ce qui concerne les sites de r\u00e9seaux sociaux qui offrent un certain acc\u00e8s gratuit aux utilisateurs.&nbsp; D\u2019une part, le taux nul donne acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des personnes qui, autrement, n\u2019auraient peut-\u00eatre pas pu acc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019Internet, et peut servir de passerelle aux utilisateurs pour comprendre les possibilit\u00e9s que l\u2019Internet peut offrir.&nbsp; D\u2019autre part, le taux nul peut conduire \u00e0 une concurrence d\u00e9loyale et peut fausser la perception des utilisateurs en ne permettant que l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des sites particuliers.[footnote]Pour une discussion sur le taux z\u00e9ro en Afrique, voir Research ICT Africa, \u00ab&nbsp;Much ado about nothing? Zero-rating in the African context&nbsp;\u00bb, 12&nbsp;septembre 2016 (accessible en anglais sur&nbsp;: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchictafrica.net\/publications\/Other_publications\/2016_RIA_Zero-Rating_Policy_Paper_-_Much_ado_about_nothing.pdf\">https:\/\/www.researchictafrica.net\/publications\/Other_publications\/2016_RIA_Zero-Rating_Policy_Paper_-_Much_ado_about_nothing.pdf<\/a>).[\/footnote]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La neutralit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau (ou \u00ab&nbsp;neutralit\u00e9 du Net&nbsp;\u00bb) fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au principe selon lequel toutes les donn\u00e9es de l\u2019Internet doivent \u00eatre trait\u00e9es de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re sans interf\u00e9rence indue et promeut l\u2019acc\u00e8s le plus large possible \u00e0 l\u2019information sur l\u2019Internet.[footnote]Rapport du Rapport sp\u00e9cial des Nations Unies (RSNU) sur la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression \u00e0 l\u2019AGNU, A\/HRC\/35\/22, 30&nbsp;mars [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":616,"menu_order":221,"template":"page-templates\/chapter.php","publication-category":[],"class_list":["post-625","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que la neutralit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau ? | eReader<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/acces-a-linternet\/quest-ce-que-la-neutralite-du-reseau\/?lang=fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qu&#039;est-ce que la neutralit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau ? | eReader\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La neutralit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau (ou \u00ab&nbsp;neutralit\u00e9 du Net&nbsp;\u00bb) fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au principe selon lequel toutes les donn\u00e9es de l\u2019Internet doivent \u00eatre trait\u00e9es de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re sans interf\u00e9rence indue et promeut l\u2019acc\u00e8s le plus large possible \u00e0 l\u2019information sur l\u2019Internet.[footnote]Rapport du Rapport sp\u00e9cial des Nations Unies (RSNU) sur la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression \u00e0 l\u2019AGNU, A\/HRC\/35\/22, 30&nbsp;mars [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/acces-a-linternet\/quest-ce-que-la-neutralite-du-reseau\/?lang=fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"eReader\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-04-16T12:41:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/publications\\\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\\\/acces-a-linternet\\\/quest-ce-que-la-neutralite-du-reseau\\\/?lang=fr\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/publications\\\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\\\/acces-a-linternet\\\/quest-ce-que-la-neutralite-du-reseau\\\/?lang=fr\",\"name\":\"Qu'est-ce que la neutralit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau ? 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