Bien qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019une mesure moins radicale qu\u2019une fermeture compl\u00e8te de l\u2019Internet, le blocage et le filtrage des contenus en ligne peuvent \u00e9galement entraver la pleine jouissance du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le blocage\/filtrage a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9fini comme suit :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[L]a diff\u00e9rence entre \u201cfiltrage\u201d et \u201cblocage\u201d est une question d\u2019\u00e9chelle et de perspective.<\/p>
\u2022 Le filtrage est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation d\u2019une technologie qui bloque les pages en fonction de certaines caract\u00e9ristiques, telles que les sch\u00e9mas de trafic, les protocoles ou les mots cl\u00e9s, ou sur la base de leur lien per\u00e7u avec un contenu jug\u00e9 inappropri\u00e9 ou ill\u00e9gal ; <\/p>
\u2022 Le blocage, en revanche, consiste g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 emp\u00eacher l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des sites web, domaines, adresses IP, protocoles ou services sp\u00e9cifiques figurant sur une liste noire.[footnote]ARTICLE 19, \u00ab Freedom of expression unfiltered: How blocking and filtering affect free speech \u00bb, octobre 2016, page 7 (accessible en anglais sur : https:\/\/www.article19.org\/data\/files\/medialibrary\/38588\/Blocking_and_filtering_final.pdf<\/a>).[\/footnote]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Par exemple, en mars 2020, des sites de m\u00e9dias sociaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9s en Guin\u00e9e lors d\u2019un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum ;[footnote]Access Now, \u00ab A broken promise to #KeepItOn : Guinea cuts internet access and blocks social media on referendum day \u00bb (2020) (accessible sur : https:\/\/www.accessnow.org\/a-broken-promise-to-keepiton-guinea-cuts-internet-access-and-blocks-social-media-on-referendum-day\/<\/a>).[\/footnote] et en octobre de la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, une fermeture g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d\u2019Internet a suivi pendant les \u00e9lections g\u00e9n\u00e9rales.[footnote]Access Now, \u00ab How internet shutdowns are threatening 2020 elections, and what you can do about it \u00bb (2020) (accessible sur : https:\/\/www.accessnow.org\/internet-shutdowns-2020-elections\/<\/a>).[\/footnote] M\u00eame apr\u00e8s le r\u00e9tablissement de la connexion g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les utilisateurs ont signal\u00e9 que certains sites, en particulier Facebook, sont rest\u00e9s bloqu\u00e9s pendant quelques semaines de plus. La Guin\u00e9e est malheureusement loin d\u2019\u00eatre le seul pays africain \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre de telles techniques ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.[footnote]BBC, \u00ab Africa internet: Where and how are governments blocking it? \u00bb (2020) (accessible en anglais sur : https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-47734843<\/a>).[\/footnote]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bien qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019une mesure moins radicale qu\u2019une fermeture compl\u00e8te de l\u2019Internet, le blocage et le filtrage des contenus en ligne peuvent \u00e9galement entraver la pleine jouissance du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression. Le blocage\/filtrage a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9fini comme suit : [L]a diff\u00e9rence entre \u201cfiltrage\u201d et \u201cblocage\u201d est une question d\u2019\u00e9chelle et de perspective. \u2022 Le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":616,"menu_order":220,"template":"page-templates\/chapter.php","publication-category":[],"class_list":["post-623","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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