{"id":621,"date":"2021-04-16T12:00:41","date_gmt":"2021-04-16T11:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=621"},"modified":"2021-04-16T15:16:07","modified_gmt":"2021-04-16T14:16:07","slug":"interferences-avec-lacces-a-linternet","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/acces-a-linternet\/interferences-avec-lacces-a-linternet\/","title":{"rendered":"Interf\u00e9rences avec l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019Internet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019Internet est parfois entrav\u00e9 par des fermetures d\u2019acc\u00e8s, la perturbation des r\u00e9seaux en ligne et des sites de m\u00e9dias sociaux, ainsi que par le blocage et le filtrage des contenus.&nbsp; De telles interf\u00e9rences peuvent poser de graves restrictions \u00e0 l\u2019exercice du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 la jouissance d\u2019une s\u00e9rie d\u2019autres droits et services (notamment les services bancaires mobiles, le commerce en ligne et la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux services gouvernementaux via l\u2019Internet).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le fait de perturber ou de bloquer l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services internet et aux sites web constitue une forme de restriction pr\u00e9alable.\u00a0 Les restrictions pr\u00e9alables sont des actions de l\u2019\u00c9tat qui interdisent la parole ou d\u2019autres formes d\u2019expression avant qu\u2019elles ne puissent avoir lieu.[footnote]Conseil de l\u2019Europe, \u00ab\u00a0Prior Restraints and Freedom Of Expression: The Necessity of Embedding Procedural Safeguards in Domestic System\u00a0\u00bb (mai 2018), (accessible en anglais sur\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/factsheet-prior-restraints-rev25may2018\/16808ae88c\">https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/factsheet-prior-restraints-rev25may2018\/16808ae88c<\/a>).[\/footnote] En raison de l\u2019effet paralysant que peut avoir la restriction pr\u00e9alable sur l\u2019exercice du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/fr\/professionalinterest\/pages\/ccpr.aspx\">PIDCP<\/a>) a \u00e9t\u00e9 interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme pr\u00e9voyant effectivement l\u2019interdiction de la plupart des formes de restriction pr\u00e9alable de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression.[footnote]Cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9duit des <em>travaux pr\u00e9paratoires <\/em>du PIDCP que les restrictions pr\u00e9alables sont absolument interdites en vertu de l\u2019article\u00a019 du PIDCP. Voir Marc J. Bossuyt, \u00ab\u00a0Guide to the &#8220;Travaux Preparatoires&#8221; of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights \u00bb,Martinus Nijhoff (1987), page\u00a0398.[\/footnote] La Convention am\u00e9ricaine des droits de l\u2019homme contient une interdiction similaire.[footnote]Article\u00a013\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a01.\u00a0Toute personne a droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de pens\u00e9e et d\u2019expression. Ce droit comprend la libert\u00e9 de rechercher, de recevoir et de r\u00e9pandre des informations et des id\u00e9es de toute nature, sans consid\u00e9ration de fronti\u00e8res, sous une forme orale, \u00e9crite, imprim\u00e9e ou artistique, ou par tout autre moyen de son choix. 2. L\u2019exercice du droit pr\u00e9vu au paragraphe pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent n\u2019est pas soumis \u00e0 une censure pr\u00e9alable, mais fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une responsabilit\u00e9 ult\u00e9rieure, qui est express\u00e9ment \u00e9tablie par la loi dans la mesure n\u00e9cessaire pour assurer\u00a0: a. le respect des droits ou de la r\u00e9putation d\u2019autrui\u00a0; ou b. la protection de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, de l\u2019ordre public, de la sant\u00e9 ou de la moralit\u00e9 publiques\u00a0\u00bb.[\/footnote] Il est donc imp\u00e9ratif, pour qu\u2019une telle mesure soit admissible, qu\u2019elle puisse se conformer au test de limitation en trois parties d\u00e9taill\u00e9 dans le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/principes-cles-du-droit-international-et-de-la-liberte-dexpression\/?lang=fr\">module\u00a01<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019Internet est parfois entrav\u00e9 par des fermetures d\u2019acc\u00e8s, la perturbation des r\u00e9seaux en ligne et des sites de m\u00e9dias sociaux, ainsi que par le blocage et le filtrage des contenus.&nbsp; De telles interf\u00e9rences peuvent poser de graves restrictions \u00e0 l\u2019exercice du droit \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 la jouissance d\u2019une s\u00e9rie d\u2019autres [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":616,"menu_order":216,"template":"page-templates\/chapter.php","publication-category":[],"class_list":["post-621","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Interf\u00e9rences avec l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019Internet | eReader<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/modules-de-synthese-sur-les-litiges-relatifs-aux-droits-numeriques-et-a-la-liberte-dexpression-en-ligne\/acces-a-linternet\/interferences-avec-lacces-a-linternet\/?lang=fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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