{"id":472,"date":"2024-06-26T03:32:05","date_gmt":"2024-06-26T02:32:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=472"},"modified":"2024-06-26T03:32:07","modified_gmt":"2024-06-26T02:32:07","slug":"introduction","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-9-national-security\/introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;National security&#8221;[footnote]This module should be read in conjunction with Richard Carver \u2018Training Manual on International and Comparative Media and Freedom of Expression Law at p 76-86 (accessible at https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/resources\/mldi-manual-on-freedom-of-expression-law\/)[\/footnote] is one of the most common justifications offered by states for limiting freedom of expression by journalists, bloggers, and media organs.\u00a0It is a legitimate restriction on fundamental rights and freedoms in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/professionalinterest\/pages\/ccpr.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ICCPR<\/a>)[footnote]International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) at articles 19, 21 and 22 (accessible at: https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/professionalinterest\/pages\/ccpr.aspx).[\/footnote] and the African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights (<a href=\"https:\/\/au.int\/en\/treaties\/african-charter-human-and-peoples-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ACHPR<\/a>),[footnote]African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights (ACHPR), at articles 3, 11, 12, 27 (1981) (accessible at: https:\/\/au.int\/en\/treaties\/african-charter-human-and-peoples-rights).[\/footnote] provided it is not misused.\u00a0While the ACHPR does not contain an explicit national security limitation on freedom of expression, article 9 does state that it is to be exercised &#8220;within the law&#8221; and article 29(3) states that an individual has a general duty &#8220;not to compromise the security of the State whose national or resident he is.&#8221;[footnote]<em>Id.<\/em>[\/footnote]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is therefore a matter of debate how the legitimacy of a limitation on freedom of expression on grounds of national security should be assessed. Exceptionally, the right to freedom of expression can be partly or wholly suspended \u2014 a process known as <em>derogation<\/em> \u2014 because of a grave, imminent security threat. However, the national security limitation also has the potential to be relied upon to quell dissent and cover up state abuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This module examines how the derogation process is treated under international and regional human rights law.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;National security&#8221;[footnote]This module should be read in conjunction with Richard Carver \u2018Training Manual on International and Comparative Media and Freedom of Expression Law at p 76-86 (accessible at https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/resources\/mldi-manual-on-freedom-of-expression-law\/)[\/footnote] is one of the most common justifications offered by states for limiting freedom of expression by journalists, bloggers, and media organs.\u00a0It is a legitimate restriction on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":471,"menu_order":316,"template":"page-templates\/chapter.php","publication-category":[],"class_list":["post-472","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Introduction | eReader<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"National security is one of the most common justifications offered by states for limiting freedom of expression by journalists, bloggers, and media organs.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-9-national-security\/introduction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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