{"id":349,"date":"2024-06-25T16:23:56","date_gmt":"2024-06-25T15:23:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=349"},"modified":"2024-06-25T16:24:10","modified_gmt":"2024-06-25T15:24:10","slug":"interferences-with-access-to-the-internet","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\/","title":{"rendered":"Interferences with Access to the Internet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some of the ways in which access to the internet is interfered with are through internet shutdowns, the disruption of online networks and social media sites, and the blocking and filtering of content. Such interferences can pose severe restrictions on the enjoyment of the right to freedom of expression, as well as the enjoyment of a range of other rights and services (including mobile banking, access to education, online trade, and the ability to access government services via the internet).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The act of disrupting or blocking access to internet services and websites amounts to a form of prior restraint. Prior restraints are State actions that prohibit speech or other forms of expression before they can take place.[footnote]Council of Europe, \u2018Prior Restrains and Freedom Of Expression: The Necessity of Embedding Procedural Safeguards in Domestic System\u2019 (2018) (accessible at https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/factsheet-prior-restraints-rev25may2018\/16808ae88c).[\/footnote] Due to the profound chilling effect prior restraint can have on the exercise of the right to freedom of expression, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/professionalinterest\/pages\/ccpr.aspx\">ICCPR<\/a>) has been interpreted as providing for an effective prohibition on most forms of prior restraint on speech.[footnote]This has been inferred from the <em>travaux pr\u00e9paratoires <\/em>of the ICCPR that prior restraints are absolutely prohibited under article 19 of the ICCPR. See Marc J. Bossuyt, \u2018Guide to the &#8220;Travaux Preparatoires&#8221; of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights\u2019, Martinus Nijhoff (1987) at 398.[\/footnote]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is therefore imperative that, in order for any such measure to be permissible, it must be able to comply with the three-part limitations test detailed in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-1-key-principles-of-international-law-and-freedom-of-expression\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Module 1<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some of the ways in which access to the internet is interfered with are through internet shutdowns, the disruption of online networks and social media sites, and the blocking and filtering of content. Such interferences can pose severe restrictions on the enjoyment of the right to freedom of expression, as well as the enjoyment of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":346,"menu_order":215,"template":"page-templates\/chapter.php","publication-category":[],"class_list":["post-349","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Interferences with Access to the Internet | eReader<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Access to the internet is disrupted through internet shutdowns, the disruption of online networks and social media sites, and blocking or filtering content.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Interferences with Access to the Internet | eReader\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Access to the internet is disrupted through internet shutdowns, the disruption of online networks and social media sites, and blocking or filtering content.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"eReader\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-25T15:24:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/publications\\\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\\\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\\\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/publications\\\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\\\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\\\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\\\/\",\"name\":\"Interferences with Access to the Internet | eReader\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-06-25T15:23:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-25T15:24:10+00:00\",\"description\":\"Access to the internet is disrupted through internet shutdowns, the disruption of online networks and social media sites, and blocking or filtering content.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/publications\\\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\\\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\\\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/publications\\\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\\\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\\\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/publications\\\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\\\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\\\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Publications\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/publications\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Summary Modules on Digital Rights and Freedom of Expression Online in sub-Saharan Africa\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/publications\\\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Module 3: Access to the Internet\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/publications\\\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\\\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Interferences with Access to the Internet\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/\",\"name\":\"eReader\",\"description\":\"Media Defence\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mediadefence.org\\\/ereader\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Interferences with Access to the Internet | eReader","description":"Access to the internet is disrupted through internet shutdowns, the disruption of online networks and social media sites, and blocking or filtering content.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Interferences with Access to the Internet | eReader","og_description":"Access to the internet is disrupted through internet shutdowns, the disruption of online networks and social media sites, and blocking or filtering content.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\/","og_site_name":"eReader","article_modified_time":"2024-06-25T15:24:10+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\/","url":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\/","name":"Interferences with Access to the Internet | eReader","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-06-25T15:23:56+00:00","dateModified":"2024-06-25T15:24:10+00:00","description":"Access to the internet is disrupted through internet shutdowns, the disruption of online networks and social media sites, and blocking or filtering content.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\/interferences-with-access-to-the-internet\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Publications","item":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Summary Modules on Digital Rights and Freedom of Expression Online in sub-Saharan Africa","item":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Module 3: Access to the Internet","item":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/publications\/introductory-modules-on-digital-rights-and-freedom-of-expression-online\/module-3-access-to-the-internet\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Interferences with Access to the Internet"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/","name":"eReader","description":"Media Defence","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"publication-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mediadefence.org\/ereader\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication-category?post=349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}